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Amanita echinocephala
''Amanita echinocephala'' is a large, whitish or ivory-coloured mushroom with a characteristic spiny, or warty-looking cap. It lives on chalky soils with beech trees, and appears earlier than most mushrooms of similar size in southern England. It frequently occurs singly or in small groups, resulting in it being referred to as the solitary amanita or, more specifically, European solitary lepidella. It is very drought-tolerant. ''Amanita solitaria'' is a synonym and opinions are divided as to which name takes precedence.
==Taxonomy==
It was first described as ''Agaricus echinocephalus'' in 1835 by the Italian mycologist Carlo Vittadini, before being placed in ''Amanita'' by Lucien Quélet and hence receiving its current binomial name. It derives its specific epithet ''echinocephala'' from the Greek ''echino-'' "hedgehog" and ''kephale'' "head". It has been placed in the ''Lepidella'' section of the Amanitaceae by some authors, because of its lack of a well formed volva. ''Amanita solitaria'' (Bull.:Fr.) Fr. is considered a synonym here but according to many modern authors (subject specialists in ''Amanita'', e.g., C. Bas or R.E. Tulloss) it is a valid name for this species.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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